Positive and Negative Impact of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Soil Properties and Nutrient Dynamic
Somayeh Karimi *
Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Ramin, Ahvaz, Iran.
Shahrzad Soltani
Department of agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Tehran University, Iran.
Khadijeh Jasemi
Faculty of agriculture, University of Birjand, Iran.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Our study was conducted over the period of two years and explored the impact of nitrogen fertilization and non-fertilization systems on soil health indicators and crop yield. Our study hypothesized that no fertilization coupled with cover cropping would enhance soil health, carbon content, and bulk density. This study found that excessive nitrogen fertilization had negative impact on soil health factors such as bulk density increment and carbon content decline through deeper profiles. In contrast, the no-fertilization system exhibited improved bulk density and better carbon distribution near the soil surface, suggesting that reducing or eliminating nitrogen can promote soil health and prevent long-term fertility decline. The study also highlighted the imbalanced carbon to nitrogen ratio resulting from high nitrogen fertilizer rate can negatively impact soil microbial activity and nutrient mineralization.
Keywords: Cover crops, sustainable agriculture, nitrogen fertilizer, agriculture management
How to Cite
Downloads
References
Uchida R. Essential Nutrients for Plant Growth: Nutrient Functions and Deficiency Symptoms. In: Silva, J.A. and Uchida, R., Eds., Plant Nutrient Management in Hawaii’s Soils, Approaches for Tropical and Subtropical Agriculture, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu. 2000;31-55.
Islam MR, Hossain MB, Siddique AB, Rahman MT, Malika M. Contribution of green manure incorporation in combination with nitrogen fertilizer in rice production. SAARC J. Agric. 2015;12:134–142.
DOI: 10.3329/sja.v12i2.21925
Erisman JW, Sutton MA, Galloway J, Klimont Z, Winiwarter W. How a century of ammonia synthesis changed the world. Nature Geoscience. 2008;1:636–639. DOI: 10.1038/ngeo325.
Zhang X, Davidson EA, Mauzerall DL, Searchinger TD, Dumas P, Shen Y. Managing nitrogen for sustainable development. Nature. 2015;15:91.
Skorupka M, Nosalewicz A. Ammonia Volatilization from Fertilizer Urea—A New Challenge for Agriculture and Industry in View of Growing Global Demand for Food and Energy Crops. Agriculture. 2021;11: 822.
Mirbakhsh M. Role of Nano-fertilizer in Plants Nutrient Use Efficiency (NUE). J Gene Engg Bio Res. 2023;5(1):75-81.
Amanullah A, Iqbal A, Ali S, Fahad S, Parmar B. Nitrogen source and rate management improve maize productivity of smallholders under semiarid climates. Front. Plant Sci. 2016;7:1773.
Wang Z, Hassan MU, Nadeem F, Wu L, Zhang F, Li X. Magnesium Fertilization Improves Crop Yield in Most Production Systems: A Meta-Analysis. Front. Plant Sci. 2020;10:1727. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed][Green Version]
Liu Q, Xu H, Yi H. Impact of Fertilizer on Crop Yield and C:N:P Stoichiometry in Arid and Semi-Arid Soil. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2021;18:4341. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Dinca L, Grenni P, Onet C, Onet A. Fertilization and soil microbial community: A review”. Appl. Sci. 2022;12(3):1198.
Available:https://doi.org/10.3390/app12031198
Mirbakhsh M, Hosseinzadeh Namin M. Investigation of in vitro apocarotinoid gene expression in perianth of saffron (Crocus sativus) IRAN. 2nd National Congress on Medicinal Plants 15, 16 May 2013 Tehran- Iran; 2013.
Cui P, Fan F, Yin C, Song A, Huang P, Tang Y, et al. Long-term organic and inorganic fertilization alters temperature sensitivity of potential N2O emissions and associated microbes. Soil Biol. Biochem. 2016;93:131–141.
DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.11.005
Zhou M, Zhu B, Bruggemann N, Dannenmann M, Wang Y, Butterbach-Bahl K. Sustaining crop productivity while reducing environmental nitrogen losses in the subtropical wheat-maize cropping systems: A comprehensive case study of nitrogen cycling and balance. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 2016;231:1–14. DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2016.06.022
Luo Z, Liu H, Li W, Zhao Q, Dai J, Tian L, et al. Effects of reduced nitrogen rate on cotton yield and nitrogen use efficiency as mediated by application mode or plant density. Field Crop Res. 2018;218:150–157.
DOI: 10.1016/ j.fcr.2018.01.003
Zhu Q, Liu X, Hao T, Zeng M, Shen J, Zhang F, et al. Modeling soil acidification in typical Chinese cropping systems. Sci. Total Environ. 2018;614:1339–1348. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.257
Mirbakhsh M, Sedeh SSS. Effect of short and long period of salinity stress on physiological responses and biochemical markers of Aloe vera L. Ilmu Pertanian (Agricultural Science). 2022;7(3):178–187.
Norris CE, Bean GM, Cappellazzi SB, Cope M, Greub KLH, Liptzin D, Rieke EL, et al. Introducing the North American project to evaluate soil health measurements. Agronomy Journal. 2020; 112:3195–3215.
Available:https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.20234.
Knapp S, van der Heijden MGA. A global meta-analysis of yield stability in organic and conservation agriculture. Nat. Commun. 2018;9:3632. Available:https://doi.org/ 10.1038/s41467-018-05956-1.
Sun J, Zou L, Li W, Yang J, Wang Y, Xia Q, et al. Rhizosphere soil properties and banana Fusarium wilt suppression influenced by combined chemical and organic fertilizations. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 2018;254:60–68.
DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2017.10.010.
Ellert BH, Janzen HH, Entz T. Assessment of a method to measure temporal change in soil carbon storage. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 2002;66:1687–1695.
Batjes NH. Total carbon and nitrogen in the soils of the world. Eur. J. Soil Sci. 1996;47:151–163.
Zeng J, Liu X, Song L, Lin X, Zhang H, Shen C, et al. Nitrogen fertilization directly affects soil bacterial diversity and indirectly affects bacterial community composition. Soil Biol. Biochem. 2016;92:41–49.
DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.09.018
Sun RB, Zhang XX, Guo XS, Wang DZ, Chu HY. Bacterial diversity in soils subjected to long-term chemical fertilization can be more stably maintained with the addition of livestock manure than wheat straw. Soil Biol. Biochem. 2015; 88:9–18. DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.05.007.
Nawaz J, Hussain M, Jabbar A, Nadeem G, Sajad M, Subtain M. Seed priming a technique. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences; 2013. IJACS/2013/6-20/1373-1381.
Wang X, Zou C, Gao X, Guan X, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Shi X, Chen X. Nitrous oxide emissions in Chinese vegetable systems: A meta-analysis. Environ. Pollut. 2018;239:375–383
Snyder CS, Bruulsema TW, Jensen TL, Fixen PE. Review of greenhouse gas emissions from crop production systems and fertilizer management effects. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 2009;133:247–266.
Niu Z, An F, Su Y, Liu T, Yang Rong, Du Zeyu, Chen sh. Effect of long-term fertilization on aggregate size distribution and nutrient accumulation in Aeolian sandy soil. Plant (Base), 2022 Apr;11(7): 909.
DOI: 10.3390/plants11070909
Wang Y, Liu B, Ren T, Li X, Cong R, Zhang M, et al. Establishment method affects oilseed rape yield and the response to nitrogen fertilizer. Agron. J. 2014; 106:131–142. DOI: 10.2134/agronj2013.0374
Hussain S, khan F, Cao W, Wu L, Geng M. Seed priming alters the production and detoxification of reactive oxygen intermediates in rice seedlings grown under sub-optimal temperature and nutrient supply. Front. Plant Sci. 2016; 7:439. DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00439
Foley JA, Ramankutty N, Brauman KA, Cassidy ES, Gerber JS, Johnston M, et al. Solutions for a cultivated planet. Nature. 2011;478:337–342. DOI: 10.1038/nature10452
Bisht N, Chauhan P. Excessive and disproportionate use of chemical cause soil contamination and nutrient sress; 2020. DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.94593
Farmah B, Sekaran U, Franzluebbers A. Cover cropping and conservation tillage improve soil health in the southeastern united states; 2021. Available:https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.20865
Balota EL, Calegari A, Nakatani AS, Coyne MS. Ben-efits of winter cover crops and no-tillage for microbial parameters ina Brazilian Oxisol: A long-term study. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. 2014;197:31–40.