Agroforestry and Biodiversity Conservation in the Philippines: A Comparative Review
Angelo L. Lozano
*
College of Graduate Studies, Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University, Bacnotan, La Union 2515, Philippines and College of Agroforestry and Forestry, Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University, Bacnotan, La Union 2515, Philippines.
Haramei C. Manzano
College of Graduate Studies, Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University, Bacnotan, La Union 2515, Philippines and Forest Management Bureau, Visayas Avenue, Diliman, Quezon City 1100, Philippines.
Richie T. Pataray
College of Graduate Studies, Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University, Bacnotan, La Union 2515, Philippines and Abra State Institute of Sciences and Technology/ University of Abra, Philippines.
Jenieve M. Achas
College of Graduate Studies, Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University, Bacnotan, La Union 2515, Philippines and Surigao del Norte State University, Mainit Campus, Philippines.
Alma G. Zapata
College of Graduate Studies, Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University, Bacnotan, La Union 2515, Philippines and Department of Education, San Jose South District, Occidental Mindoro, Philippines.
Lieslea M. Wagayen
College of Graduate Studies, Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University, Bacnotan, La Union 2515, Philippines and College of Agroforestry and Forestry, Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University, Bacnotan, La Union 2515, Philippines.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Agroforestry, the integration of trees, crops, and livestock on the same land unit, is recognized as a sustainable practice for enhancing biodiversity, environmental restoration, and livelihoods. This mini review synthesizes six studies on agroforestry in the Philippines, focusing on its ecological services, socioeconomic benefits, and restoration potential. The review highlights agroforestry's role in soil conservation, water retention, biodiversity enhancement, and climate resilience. Socioeconomically, agroforestry supports income diversification, food security, and the integration of indigenous knowledge. However, adoption is hindered by land tenure issues, financial constraints, and technical challenges. The review identifies research gaps, particularly in long-term monitoring, socioeconomic viability, and climate change adaptation. To maximize agroforestry's potential, the review recommends stronger policy support, community engagement, and long-term research.
Keywords: Agroforestry, biodiversity, environmental restoration, soil conservation