Height-Diameter Models for Prediction of Teak Stand in Western Nigeria

Y. I. Egonmwan *

Department of Forest Resources and Wildlife Management, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.

*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.


Abstract

The Diameter-height relationship has proven to be an important part in growth and yield models which describe stand changes. Ten existing nonlinear height-diameter models were used to fit and evaluate Tectona grandis stand in Oluwa forest reserve (Nigeria) in this study. Three hundred and ninety-seven (397) trees were measured for their stand variables of which diameter at breast height (Dbh) and height (Ht) were paramount. All functions were fitted using weighted nonlinear least square regression (NLLSR), considering hetroscadasticity of variance. Model performance were evaluated using three fit statistics such as root mean squared error (RMSE), Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC). Logistic 3-parameters H-D function as the best fit based on the model’s evaluation statistics and its predictive ability with values of RMSE, AIC and BIC as 2.8925, 1974 and 1990, respectively. Gompertz, Weibull, Chapman-Richards and Michaelis-Menten models also provided good fit results comparable to the observed height-diameter relationship. Logistic function with 3-parameters has been confirmed to provide a secure estimate of total tree height for Tectona grandis in Oluwa Forest Reserve.

Keywords: Logistic, evaluation statistics, performance, variable


How to Cite

Egonmwan, Y. I. (2022). Height-Diameter Models for Prediction of Teak Stand in Western Nigeria. Asian Journal of Research in Agriculture and Forestry, 8(4), 293–300. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajraf/2022/v8i4188

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Mamoun EI, Osman H. Modelling height-diameter relationships of selected economically important natural forests species. Journal of Forest products and Industries. 2012;2(1):34–42.

Teo SJ, Machado SdA, Figueiredo Filho A, Tome M. General height- diameter equation with biological attributes for Pinus taeda L. stands. Cerne. 2017;23:403–411.

Uzoh FCC. Height-diameter model for managed even-aged stands of Ponderosa Pine for the Western United States using hierarchical nonlinear mixed-effects model. Aust J Basic Appl Sci. 2017;11:69–87.

Burkhart HE, Tome M. Modeling Forest Trees and Stands. New York: Springer; 2012.

Gonda HE. Height-diameter and volume equations, growth intercept and needle length site quality indicators, and yield equations for young ponderosa pine plantations in Neuquen, Patagonia, Argentina [PHD Thesis]. Corvallis, Oregon: Oregon State University; 1998.

Peng C, Zhang L, Huang S, Zhou X, Parton J, Woods M. Developing ecoregion-based height-diameter models for jack pine and black spruce in Ontario. Ontorio Forest Resource Institute OFRI Report. 2001;159:1–10.

Zhang L, Peng C, Huang S. Development and evaluation of ecoregion-based jack pine height-diameter models for Ontario. For Chron. 2002;78:530–538.

Huang S, Price D, Titus SJ. Development of ecoregion-based height diameter models for white spruce in boreal forests. For. Ecol. Manage. 2000;129: 125–141.

DOI:10.1016/S0378-1127(99)00151-6

Meyer HA. A mathematical expression for height curves. Journal of Forestry. 1940; 38:415–420.

Curtis RO. Height-diameter and height-diameter-age equations for second-growth Douglas-fir. Forest Science. 1967;13:365–375

Özçelik R, Diamantopoulou MJ, Crecente-Campo F, Eler U. Estimating crimean juniper tree height using nonlinear regression and artificial neural network models. For. Ecol. Manag. 2013;306: 52–60.

DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2013.06.009

Thanh TN, Tien TD, Shen HL. Height-diameter relationship for Pinus ko-raiensis in Mengjiagang forest farm of Northeast China using nonlinear regres- sions and artificial neural network models. J. For. Sci. 2019;65:134–143.

DOI: 10.17221/5/2019-JFS

Kalbi S, Fallah A, Bettinger P et al. Mixed-effects modeling for tree height prediction models of oriental beech in the Hyrcanian forests. J. For. Res. 2018;29:1195–1204.

DOI: 10.1007/s11676-017-0551-z

Corral Rivas S, Silva Antuna AM, Quiñonez Barraza G. Generalized non-linear height-diameter model with mixed effects for seven Pinus species in Durango, Mexico. Rev. Mex. Cienc. For. 10; 2019.

DOI: 10.29298/rmcf.v10i53.500

Vanderschaaf CL. Predictive ability of mixed-effects height–diameter mod- els fit using one species but calibrated for another species. For. Sci. 2020;66:14–24.

DOI: 10.1093/forsci/fxz058

Bronisz K, Mehtätalo L. Mixed-effects generalized height–diameter model for young silver birch stands on post-agricultural lands. For. Ecol. Manag. 2020; 460:117901.

DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2020.117901

Rust S. Analysis of regional variation of height growth and slenderness in populations of six urban tree species using a quantile regression approach. Urban For. Urban Green. 2014;13 :336–343.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ufug.2013.12.003

Zang H, Lei X, Zeng W. Height–diameter equations for larch plantations in northern and northeastern China: A comparison of the mixed-effects, quantile regression and generalized additive models. For. Int. J. For. Res. 2016;89:434–445.

DOI: 10.1093/forestry/cpw022

Zhang B, Sajjad S, Chen K. et al. Predicting tree height-diameter relation- ship from relative competition levels using quantile regression models for Chi- nese Fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) in Fujian Province, China. Forests. 2020;11:183.

DOI: 10.3390/f11020183

Chen X. Diverse scaling relationships of tree height and diameter in five tree species. Plant Ecol. Divers. 2020;11:147–155.

DOI: 10.1080/17550874.2018.1445128

Pinheiro JC, Bates DM. Mixed-effects models in S and S-plus. Springer-Verlag, New York; 2000.

Kadambi K. Silviculture and management of teak. Stephen F. Austin State University, School of Forestry, Bulletin. 1972;24:37.

Siswamartana S. Teak plantation productivity in Indonesia. Paper to Regional seminar on site, technology and productivity of teak plantation, Chiangmai, Thailand. 1999;9.

Miranda I, Sousa V, Pereira H. Wood properties of teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) from a mature unmanaged stand in East Timor. Journal of Wood Science. 2011;57:171–178.

Onyekwelu JC, Mosandl R, Stimm B. Productivity, site evaluation and state of nutrition of Gmelina arborea plantation in tropical rainforest zone in south-western Nigeria. Forest Ecology and Management. 2006;229:214–227.

Stoffels A, Van Soest J. The main problems in sample plots. Ned.Boschb. Tijdschr. 1953;25: 190–199.

Menten L, Michaelis MI. Die Kinetik der Invertinwirkung. Biochem. Z. 1913;49:333–369.

Huang S, Titus SJ, Wiens DP. Comparison of nonlinear height–diameter functions for major Alberta tree species. Can. J. For. Res. 1992;22:1297–1304.

DOI:10.1139/x92-172

Yang RC, Kozak A, Smith JHG. The potential of Weibull-type functions as a flexible growth curves. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 1978;8: 424–431.

Strand L. The accuracy of some methods for estimating volume and increment on sample plots. Medd. Norske Skogfors. (In Norwegian with English summary). 1959;15(4):284–392.

Pearl R, Reed LJ. On the rate of growth of the population of the united states since 1790 and its mathematical representation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1920;6:275–288. DOI:10.1073/pnas.6.6.275

Lundqvist B. On the height growth in cultivated stands of pine and spruce in Northern Sweden. Medd. frstatens skogforsk. 1957;133.

Richards FJ. A flexible growth function for empirical use. J. Exp. Bot. 1959;10(29):290–300. DOI:10.1093/jxb/10.2.290

Zhang X, Duan A, Zhang J, Xiang C. Estimating tree height-diameter models with the Bayesian method. Sci J. 2014; 1–9.

Zhang L. Cross-validation of non-linear growth functions for modeling tree height-diameter relationships. Annals of Botany. 1997;79:251–257.

Ogana FN, Ekpa NE. Modeling the non-spatial structure of Gmelina arborea Roxb Stands in the Oluwa Forest Reserve, Nigeria. Forestist. 2020;70(2): 133–140.

Egonmwan IY, Ogana FN. Application of diameter distribution model for volume estimation in Tectona grandis L.f. stands in the Oluwa forest reserve, Nigeria. Tropical Plant Research. 2020; 7(3):573–580.

Mehtätalo L, De-Miguel S, Gregoire TG. Modelling height-diameter curves for prediction. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 2015;45:826-837.

Mengesha Tsega, Awoke Guadie, Zebene Lakew Teffera, Yigez Belayneh, Dongjie Niu. Development and validation of height-diameter models for Cupressus lusitanica in Gergeda Forest, Ethiopia, Forest Science and Technology. 2018;14(3):138-144.

DOI: 10.1080/21580103.2018.1482794

Shamaki SB, Akindele SO, Isah AD, Mohammed I. Height-diameter relationship models for Teak (Tectona grandis) plantation in Nimbia Forest Reserve, Nigeria. Asian Journal of Environment and Ecology. 2016;1(1):1-7.

Somers GL, Farrar RM. Bio-mathematical growth equations for natural longleaf pine stands. Forest Science. 1991;37:227–244.

Özçelik R, Yavuz H, Karatepe Y, Gürlevik N, Kiriș R. Development of ecoregion-based height–diameter models for 3 economically important tree species of southern Turkey. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry. 2014;38:399–412.

Gomperz B. On the nature of the function expressive of the law of human mortality and on a new mode of determining the value of life contingencies. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 1825;115:513–585.

Näslund M. Skogsförsöksanstaltens gallringsförsök i tallskog (Forest research intitute’s thinning experiments in Scots pine forests). Meddelanden frstatens skogsförsöksanstalt Häfte 29 (In Swedish); 1937.

Ogana FN. Comparison of a modified log-logistic distribution with established models for tree height prediction. Journal of Research in Forestry, Wildlife and Environment. June, 2018.2020;10(2).